This is due to many factors: before, one child-often the youngest daughter-lived with parents in their home until their deaths. Socioeconomic factors have also led to fewer elderly people living with children until their deaths. But when the chronically ill and elderly took up too many of those hospital beds, separate custodial residences sprung up, leading to the modern nursing home. Additionally, this increase in medicine led to the growth of hospitals, as doctors were able to cure more ailments. While average life expectancy was under 50 in 1900, today it is in the late 70s. Antibiotics, public health measures, and improvements in surgery have all enabled us to cure and treat formerly fatal illnesses and injuries. First, improvements in medicine-particularly following World War II-have enabled us to have much longer lives.
In Being Mortal, Gawande examines the many medical and social factors that have led to the United States’ current end-of-life institutions. He is currently a surgeon at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston and lives with his wife Kathleen and three children in Newtown, Massachusetts. He stepped down from the position in May 2020, and Joe Biden appointed him to his COVID-19 task force in Fall 2020. In June 2018, he became the CEO for Haven Healthcare, formed by Warren Buffett, Jeff Bezos, and Jamie Dimon. He published Being Mortal in 2014, which became a #1 New York Times bestseller. He wrote his second book, Better, in 2007, and then his third, The Checklist Manifesto, in 2009. In 2007, he became director of the WHO’s effort to reduce surgical deaths. In 2006, he became a MacArthur Fellow for his work investigating modern surgical practices and medical ethics. After beginning his residency, Gawande began writing for Slate and then contributing to The New Yorker, leading him to write his first book, Complications, in 2002. Subsequently, Gawande earned a Master of Public health from the Harvard School of Public Health in 1999. He returned to medical school in 1993 and then graduated in 1995. After beginning Harvard Medical School in 1990, Gawande took a brief break to become Bill Clinton’s healthcare lieutenant during the 1992 campaign and then became a senior advisor in the Department of Health and Human Services after Clinton’s inauguration. in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics at Oxford. He then became a Rhodes Scholar and earned an M.A. He then earned a bachelor’s degree in biology and political science from Stanford University in 1987 and joined Al Gore’s presidential campaign in 1988. When he was young, his family moved to Athens, Ohio. He is the son of two Indian immigrants to the United States, both of whom were physicians.
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